HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES

The programming languages that are close to human language are called high-level languages. The instructions in these languages are more like human languages.

BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C, etc. are examples of high-level language/ Unlike low-level languages, these languages are easier to learn. These languages are used for writing application programs. For example, a high-level language ma be used for writing a program for maintaining the budget of a company.

LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES

The computer language that is close to the machine language is called low-level language. There are two types of low-level language. These are machine language and assembly language.

Machine Language


The computer works with arrangements of Os and 'Is. The arrangement of Os and is is called the binary code. This is the fundamental language of the computer. Since the computer works only with Os and Is, the instructions have to be given to the computer in binary code. The instructions written in binary code are called the machine language.

The machine language is difficult to understand and learn. Every computer system has its own machine language. A program written on one type of computer system cannot run on another type of computer system.

Assembly Language 

Assembly language was developed to make the programming task easier. Instead of using the binary code, it uses symbols. The symbols are used to represent instructions. Therefore, it is also known as the symbolic language. Since the assembly language is close to the machine language, it is called the low-level language.

Writing a program in assembly language is easier than writing the program in machine language. However, the assembly language is also machine-specific. It is also hard to learn. Assembly language is usually used for writing system software and firmware.

What is a computer language?

Computer Language

The computer works by executing instructions. Each instruction directs one operation of the computer system. Several instructions are written to perform one task. This set of instructions given to the computer to perform a task is called the computer program.

The computer instructions are written in a specific manner and according to a set of rules. These rules are called the computer language.

Several languages have been developed for writing computer programs. These languages are divided into two main categories. These are:

1.          Low Level Languages

2.          High Level Languages

Top 7 Operating System

Windows OS is the most widely used in the world. Windows is a series of OS produced by Microsoft. It’s programmed in C, C++ and Assembly languages. Initially release in November 20, 1985.Graphical user interface and license based. Website link www.microsoft.com

Mac OS developed by Apple Inc. Graphical user interface and license based. It’s programmed in C, C++ and Objective-C. Initially released in March 24 2001. Official website www.apple.com .

Andriod is Mobile devices Operating system. We can use in smartphones and tablets computers. it’s developed by google. Initialy release in 2005. Programming languages are used C core , java and C++. Graphical Interface and license based.Offical website www.andriod.com

IOS know as Iphone OS is Apple’s Mobile  Operating system. We can use in IPOD touch Ipad  and Apple TV. it’s developed by Apple inc. It’s programmed in C, C++ and Objective-C. Initially release in June 29, 2007.Graphical user interface licensed based and open source. Official website www.apple.com/ios

Linux is a computer OS which is based on free and open source software. Programming in many languages. User interface many license also. It’s Unix-like family. Many trademark owned by companies.

Symbian is a mobile OS. We can use in Smartphone’s and currently maintained by Nokia. Graphical users interface and licensed by proprietary. Embedded OS family. Developed in C++ language. Official website Symbian.nokia.com

Ubuntu is a computer OS. It’s Linux distribution as free and open source software. Unix-like OS family. Initially release in 2004.Graphical user interface and open source. Supported platforms i386, AMD64. Official website is www. ubuntu.com

Happy New Year

electricity bill program in php

Write a program to calculate the electricity bill. The rates of electricity per units are as follow:

If the units consumed are equal or less than 300, then the cost is Rs.3/-per unit.

If units consumed are more than 300, then the cost is Rs. 3.5/- per unit and a surcharge of 5% of bill is added.

Create a HTML file with name ( Bill.HTML ) create a form like this

<form action="data.php" method="post">

Enter current reading: <br/><input type="text" name="cu"/><br/>

Enter previous reading :<br/><input type="text" name="pu"/><br/>

<input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit"/>

</form>

Create another file with name (data.php) write a code

<?php

$cu = $_POST['cu'];

$pu = $_POST['pu'];

$units=$cu-$pu;

if ($units>300)

                $bill=$units*3.5 + $units*0.05/100;

if ($units<=300)

$bill=$units*3.0;

{

                echo “Electricity Bill: ".$bill;

}

?>